Tongue ulcers are a common problem that affects many people. They can have various causes and appear in different forms. Here are the main causes and types:
Causes of Tongue Ulcers:
- Stress and psychological pressure:
Mental stress and anxiety are known to contribute to the development of tongue ulcers. - Injury or burns:
Accidental bites or burns from hot food or drinks can lead to painful tongue ulcers. - Nutritional deficiencies:
A lack of certain nutrients, especially vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid, can cause ulcers on the tongue. - Food allergies and sensitivities:
Some people develop tongue ulcers as a reaction to certain foods or ingredients. - Infections:
Viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause ulcers in the mouth and on the tongue.
Types of Tongue Ulcers (by appearance):
- Basal ulcers:
Usually appear on the sides of the tongue, larger and more painful. - Surface ulcers:
Small, shallow, and painful—commonly found on the top surface of the tongue. - Localized ulcers:
Confined to a specific area of the tongue. - Large ulcers:
More severe in size and discomfort, often requiring medical attention.
Classifications of Tongue Ulcers (by cause):
- Viral ulcers:
Caused by viruses, such as the herpes virus. - Traumatic ulcers:
Result from injury or burns to the tongue. - Bilateral ulcers:
Appear on both sides of the tongue (can be symmetrical). - Painful ulcers:
Characterized by sharp or burning pain, especially when eating or speaking. - Mild ulcers:
Less severe and tend to heal on their own within a few days.
If a tongue ulcer lasts for a long time or is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, swollen glands, or weight loss, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding known triggers can help prevent recurrence.
